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Launched in 1942 by the Pittsburgh Courier, one of the nation’s largest Black newspapers, the Double V campaign encouraged Blacks to fight for freedom abroad and at home.

In a 1969 letter, Curt Flood declares:

“I do not feel that I’m a piece of property to be bought and sold irrespective of my wishes…” Refusing the trade, Flood challenged baseball’s reserve clause – a provision of every major league contract that…

A pop-out book illustrating the freedoms Josephine Baker found outside of her homeland, America.

Black Gold Star mothers asserted their citizenship rights by claiming the same military benefits afforded white mothers and widows. In their photographs of the pilgrimage, Black women brandished the American flag thereby challenging the iconic image…

Cover of a pop-out book illustrating the freedoms Josephine Baker found outside of her homeland, America.

In a speech before the audience at Kiel Auditorium, Baker said:

“I wanted to find freedom of soul and spirit. I wanted to do things to help freedom come to my people. I was ready to fight, if necessary to obtain it. I wanted to feel that I was a…

Vernacular photography refers to photos that focus on everyday life and people and makes the ordinary and familiar matter.

In the case of African American servicemen, vernacular photography visually turned the uniformed soldier into both an…

Vernacular photography refers to photos that focus on everyday life and people and makes the ordinary and familiar matter.

In the case of African American servicemen, vernacular photography visually turned the uniformed soldier into both an…