Black Gold Star mothers asserted their citizenship rights by claiming the same military benefits afforded white mothers and widows. In their photographs of the pilgrimage, Black women brandished the American flag thereby challenging the iconic image…
In a speech before the audience at Kiel Auditorium, Baker said:
“I wanted to find freedom of soul and spirit. I wanted to do things to help freedom come to my people. I was ready to fight, if necessary to obtain it. I wanted to feel that I was a…
The petition to President Hoover by 55 of 216 identified Black Gold Star Mothers forced the State Department to issue a public statement that guaranteed Black women “equal accommodation, care, and consideration.” The Black community’s public…
Launched in 1942 by the Pittsburgh Courier, one of the nation’s largest Black newspapers, the Double V campaign encouraged Blacks to fight for freedom abroad and at home.